This example show how to customize Toast to show longer duration, by using CountDownTimer to call toast.show() repeatly. And also show how to make the toast counting.
package com.example.androidtoastduration;
import android.support.v7.app.ActionBarActivity;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.Toast;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.CountDownTimer;
public class MainActivity extends ActionBarActivity {
 
 Button text1, text2, text3, text4;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        text1 = (Button)findViewById(R.id.text1);
        text2 = (Button)findViewById(R.id.text2);
        text3 = (Button)findViewById(R.id.text3);
        text4 = (Button)findViewById(R.id.text4);
        
        text1.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener(){
   @Override
   public void onClick(View v) {
    Toast.makeText(
      MainActivity.this, 
      "LENGTH_SHORT", 
      Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
   }});
        
        text2.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener(){
   @Override
   public void onClick(View v) {
    Toast toast = Toast.makeText(
      MainActivity.this, 
      "10 second - Not Work!", 
      Toast.LENGTH_SHORT);
    toast.setDuration(10000); //set duration, not work
    toast.show();
   }});
        
        text3.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener(){
   @Override
   public void onClick(View v) {
    final Toast toast = Toast.makeText(
      MainActivity.this, 
      "10 second", 
      Toast.LENGTH_SHORT);
    toast.show();
    
    new CountDownTimer(10000, 1000)
             {
                 public void onTick(long millisUntilFinished) {
                  toast.show(); 
                 }
                 
                 public void onFinish() {
                  toast.cancel();
                  
                 }
             }.start();
   }});
        
        text4.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener(){
   @Override
   public void onClick(View v) {
    final Toast toast = Toast.makeText(
      MainActivity.this, 
      "10 second", 
      Toast.LENGTH_SHORT);
    toast.show();
    
    new CountDownTimer(10000, 1000)
             {
     int count = 10;
     
                 public void onTick(long millisUntilFinished) {
                  toast.show();
                  count--;
                  toast.setText(count + " sec");
                 }
                 
                 public void onFinish() {
                  toast.cancel();
                  
                 }
             }.start();
   }});
    }
}
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
    android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
    android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
    android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    tools:context="com.example.androidtoastduration.MainActivity" >
    <TextView
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="android-coding.blogspot.com" />
    
    <Button
        android:id="@+id/text1"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:textSize="40dp"
        android:textStyle="bold"
        android:text="LENGTH_SHORT" />
    
    <Button
        android:id="@+id/text2"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:textSize="40dp"
        android:textStyle="bold"
        android:text="10 sec Toast - NOT Work!" />
    
    <Button
        android:id="@+id/text3"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:textSize="40dp"
        android:textStyle="bold"
        android:text="10 sec Toast" />
    
    <Button
        android:id="@+id/text4"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:textSize="40dp"
        android:textStyle="bold"
        android:text="10 sec counting Toast" />
</LinearLayout>